"Assassins of Eden," by Erle Kahnert -- Book Review

The Assassins of Eden
By Erle Kahnert
Orillia: 2004 (self-published)

Reviewed by Daniel F. Graves

In book eleven of the Odyssey, long-suffering Odysseus takes a journey into the underworld in search of direction from the shade the seer Teiresias. As we journey with the hero into that dark realm we find ourselves, with the hero, surrounded by restless ghosts who wander the nether regions, their stories unfinished and their lives unredeemed. There is the mother of Odysseus who died of a broken heart, longing for the return of her absent son; there is the great fallen Achilles, who longs to know of the fate of his son; there is Agamemnon, slain at the hand of his treacherous wife, Clytemnestra; and there is Elpenor, whose body has been left unburied on Circe’s island by Odysseus and his band of men. These are voices that cry out both for the completion of their own unfinished journeys and the redemption of their lost, flawed lives.

It is with such voices that Erle Kahnert converses in his 2004 novel, Assassins of Eden. Kahnert, himself, is on a heroic journey. It is a journey to hear the voices silenced by the passage from life into death – voices at once silent and at the same time eerily haunting our dreams. For Kahnert, as for the main character in the story, his grandfather Robert, it is always “now.” Time collapses into the eternal moment, which can be either a moment of joy and bliss, or a moment in which unfinished business and the pain of the past threatens to overwhelm. The stories of our families are alive within our souls, either as scars or as blessings. Assassins of Eden is a story of redemption in which the wounds of family history are gathered into a moment of the sacred “now” and healed, that a house, an oikos, cleansed by tears might see their mourning turn to songs of joy.

Kahnert’s story begins in a 1930’s Toronto home, on a Sunday morning, with a father and son, and stories! The father told the story of his life and family to the boy, and amidst much excitement and adventure, was also communicated pain and bereavement. Communicate – a word we use so prosaically, but truly they did commune and the family story was internally incorporated, from father to son, as it had been before. Kahnert writes movingly, “I know that dad had been deeply hurt in his childhood and that he had never done the work of grieving for the double disaster of losing his mother and sister within six months… those hurts groaned and writhed inside my father. The hurts of my father as a little child must have staggered onto the nightly stage of his dreaming. They certainly foamed and swirled unnoticed in his conscious life and perhaps were passed on right there at the breakfast table on a Sunday morning” (page 5).

Thus the story begins: the story of Robert Kahnert, the author’s grandfather. It is a work of fiction, and it is a true story. Kahnert (the author) is like the Homeric bard who takes down the lyre from the wall and begins to sing the tale of days long past. He sings of the pain of an illegitimate son. He sings of a loving romance, a meeting of mind and spirit between two lovers. He sings of life cut short, and the loss of beloved children, and of a lonely Minnesota grave. He sings of the journey and the settling on Lake Nipissing in Ontario. And he sings of a man’s last day on this earth as he journeys down a river and deep into the redemption of his soul. Kahnert’s prose is lyrical and the story, the song (!), is true to the core, even if it did not happen the way it is told.

In classical literature, the great bard takes his lyre from the wall and begins to play. More often or not the bard is blind, but oh, what insight he has! We, too, are blind. So much is hidden from our eyes. As we probe the soil of family history, there is so little that we know about our ancestors, even those removed by only a few generations. There are those few material remains, if we are lucky, and there are the reminiscences of elder family and friends, but to much we remain blind; in the dark. There is much mystery surrounding the death of Robert Kahnert, whose body was found floating in Lake Nipissing after traversing down the river in his canoe. What were his final thoughts? How did he meet his death? The “facts” of the case are lost to history, but the meaning and purpose of Robert Kahnert need not be lost to us. Thus, the bard picks up his lyre and sings the song of Robert Kahnert, taking full advantage of his blindness to the past, to the facts of the case, and the lost internal journey, laying claim to what he can see, and follows Robert down that river on the last day of Robert’s life, exploring at one and the same time the interior landscape of Robert Kahnert and the inner landscape of the bard who sings the tale. Yet, more profoundly, also exploring the inner landscape of the house of Kahnert.

There is no doubt about how the story ends. Robert will die. History has written it. But what shall Robert mean to this family, and to us? Shall the assassins of life claim him, and by extension the spirit of an entire house? Or shall voices of joy prevail? Enter Rosemund, Robert’s loving spouse, taken too quickly from his loving arms. Her passing was a wound on his life, and yet her presence completed his eternal meaning. She leaves few historic relics, no picture exists, but her legacy of love is pervasive and transformative. As Robert journeys down the river for the final time, on his final day on this earth, the story of his love unfolds, intermingled with the story of Rosemund’s love, and their love both for lost children and for the one that lived. Healing tears flow into the depths of eternal purpose.

The lake is clearly a holy place for this family. Subsequent generations continue to find much life there. It is an Eden of sorts, and yet assassins have continued to stir below its waves, ever-threatening. To tell the story, not the facts, but the truth, is not so much to silence the assassins but to redeem them as well, for love conquers all, does it not? It redeems the world. Kahnert points out: is this not the meaning of the name Rosemund? “Rose means pure love and Rosemund, pure love of the world.” Thus, in the telling of Robert’s story, even though it is the living out of his last day, there is reverie because what once destroyed life has been transformed into life-giving power. The lake claims a man, but in powerful baptismal language and imagery, his tragic death, a death that has thus far crippled, becomes in the ever-present sacred now a means of redemption – the redemption of the man and the healing cleansing of a house.

Clearly unstated, but not far below the surface, is the Orestes myth, in which the house of Atreus is plagued with blood-vengeance. From the betrayal of Atreus by his brother Thyestes, and the subsequent murder of the latter’s children, through the sacrifice of Iphigenia by Agamemnon, the son of Atreus, to the murder of Agamemnon by his vengeful wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, through the their slaughter at the hands of Orestes, song of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon, the cycle of violence continues until at last compassion destroys the cycle of violence. As Orestes stands trial, not only with his own sin before him, but the sin of his entire house upon his shoulders, the blood-thirsty, vengeance-seeking creatures known as Furies who doggedly pursue him, are transformed into creatures of light when they choose, at the prodding of Athena, to become so much more than what they are. In the forgiveness of Orestes and in the transformation of the Furies, the house of Atreus is redeemed, the world is made new, and songs of joy are sung.

Assassins of Eden is a song of joy. It is a story of remembrance, redemption and healing. Most importantly, though, it is an archetypal tale. What is possible for this family, this house, is also possible for yours and mine. Kahnert himself says it best:

“These stories have been like subterranean monsters waiting for a propitious moment to come to the surface for the cleansing waters of forgiveness. There were hurts and old wounds in our family that cried out for healing. And now many years later in this story may those hurts come to the surface and be cleansed in the sunshine of radical forgiveness. May the old wounds like the fears of the lurking shadows in the trees fade into the light of being, knowing and loving. Something like that” (page 5).

In the underworld, Achilles the Danaan spearman implored Odysseus to tell him about his son Neoptolemus, and upon hearing that his son exceeded him as a great hero and was alive and flourishing, the spirit of Achilles, the son of Aeacus, that great runner, departed with long strides over the field of asphodel, joyful in that his son was preeminent. And so glides Robert Kahnert down that crystal river, joyful that those of his house find healing and love.

Amen and amen.

"Make Preparation: Liturgy Planning Notes," by Paul Gibson -- Book Review

Make Preparation: Liturgy Planning Notes
Paul Gibson
Online Publication, 71 pp
Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 2009

Reviewed by Daniel F. Graves

I was delighted to hear the news that Paul Gibson’s Make Preparation: Liturgy Planning Notes (Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 2009) was now available online. The church has, for some years, desperately needed a concise but comprehensive guide to planning the Eucharist according to the Book of Alternative Services. To be sure, Michael Ingham’s Rites for a New Age did much in the early days to introduce the BAS – both its rationale and its possibilities – to reluctant Canadian Anglicans; and Holeton, Hall and Kerr-Wilson’s Let Us Give Thanks: A Presider’s Manual for the BAS Eucharist has served well in its purpose, although its ideological dogmatism now seems dated. Thankfully, Gibson’s manual builds on the former with mature and wise reflection on the use of the Eucharistic rite (nearly twenty-five years after the publication of the BAS), and carefully avoids the dogmatism that plagued the latter Hoskin Group manual.

Paul Gibson is a gifted liturgical scholar and practitioner. He served for many years as the liturgical officer of the Anglican Church of Canada and was a vital force in the development of both the Book of Alternative Services (1985) and the 1998 hymn book, Common Praise. It was my privilege to work at Church House during Mr. Gibson’s time there and also to have been the beneficiary of his tutelage during my days as a student at Trinity College. While confessing my own admiration for Mr. Gibson and his work, I should make it clear that over the years I have not always agreed with him on every point of his liturgical theology or practice. Thus, I came to Make Preparation with some thought that there would be several points with which I might take issue. I stand, however, humbled before this text and the graciousness of the man who placed the words on paper (or on the screen, as it were … as this is an electronic publication). As stated above, Mr. Gibson’s reflections on planning the Eucharist are thoughtful and expansive. There are few a “shoulds,” and perhaps a few more well-argued “should-nots,” but mostly there is guidance about decisions and how to make sound ones, in terms of the liturgy.

Mr. Gibson begins the text with his “principles of planning,” and reminds us of what we sometimes would not like to admit, that “all liturgy is planned, either well or poorly” (page 8). He then proceeds to illustrate an entrance rite that, while plagued with confusion, would clearly resemble the entrance rite in many of our churches. He then asks a series of questions, mainly “whats” and “whys.” Just what are we doing? Why do we do what we do? What makes sense in terms of the purpose of the liturgy? What makes sense historically (and does it continue to make sense today)? Why do we abandon certain things and why do we hold fast to others? Why is any particular piece of the liturgy important and how does it make sense of the whole, and how does it lift up the theme of the day and the liturgy’s ultimate meaning?

This is the pattern of the book. As he walks through the steps and major sections of the liturgy, Mr. Gibson asks these questions. More importantly, he encourages us to ask them. The book is less about giving us the answer as to what a good liturgy will be, than about teaching us how to find that answer ourselves. What is more, it is a collaborative approach. This has always been the hallmark of his instruction on the liturgy in the classroom and he brings that pedagogical insight into the pages of this manual. He becomes, for us, the discussion partner liturgy planners so desperately need. Yet, he is not content to leave things there. The encouragement that flows from the pages is an encouragement to set his words aside and begin a dialogue with our parish partners in liturgy planning. The liturgy team is, for Gibson, at the heart of a well-planned liturgy. The Eucharist is the community at work in prayer, and the team is the place where the community engages in shaping its worship. It is a place of creativity and wonder, in which divine possibilities are wed to our human offering of praise and thanksgiving.

In addition to its overarching philosophy of liturgy, the book contains particular gems of wisdom – the sort for which Mr. Gibson is known: “Don’t forget the psalm prayers!” His former students will recall his repeated admonition that these prayers that, like the psalms to which they are linked, cover the gamut of human experience. Unfortunately, they feel hidden and underused. His reminder of the ICEL collects and other international resources related to the RCL is also important. He points out as well the oft-neglected moments of silence in the liturgy and encourages the nurturing of such moments. Such is the stuff of this deeply reflective and practical guide.

One quibble I have is with the chapter on the homily. While the author offers several important thoughts on hermeneutics, and on the homilist as an artist, I certainly wish he would have spoken more about the importance of preaching in the Anglican tradition. In my experience, it seems as if the sermon is becoming more and more marginal to the Anglican liturgy and less and less carefully planned, written and performed by Anglican clergy. He might have offered some more precise insight into the practicalities of the art. I certainly would have appreciated a stronger reminder of its role, given the passion I know Mr. Gibson has for a good homily. This is a minor quibble, though, and might be argued that a fuller treatment of the role and planning of the homily is beyond the scope of this guide and better left to a preaching manual.

Finally, I am curious about the decision to release the book solely in electronic format. I suppose that this makes it more accessible to liturgy planning teams who might not have the financial resources to provide copies to all members of a group. Yet, I am still of the old school that places the value of a book in its acquisition and handling as well as in its reading. I live in fear that this important work (and others like it that forgo the printing process) will become lost amongst the endless sea of cyber-dross, and ultimately lose the audience that the internet so triumphantly promises. As a former bookseller, I speak not only out of self-preservation of the trade, but out of the reality that a good book, and this certainly is a good book, will be continuously placed in the hands of the seeker by the good bookseller. There are a few books that a bookseller will consistently recommend again and again, and this is one of them. If I were still in the trade and a customer sought out a liturgical guide, I would readily and repeatedly place this one in hand. Let us hope that the manner of its publication contributes to its distribution and not hinder it, and that this manual may have a long and happy life in the hands (or at the fingertips) of liturgy planners everywhere.

To read Make Preparation: Liturgy Planning Note, by Paul Gibson, click here.

c. 2009 by the Rev. Daniel F. Graves. This review may not be reproduced or redistributed, either in whole or part, by any means, without the express, written permission of the reviewer.

"The Anglican Episcopate in Canada: Volume IV, 1976-2008," by Michael G. Peers -- Book Review

The Anglican Episcopate in Canada
Volume IV, 1976-2008
Michael G. Peers
Softcover, 360 pp
Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 2009

Reviewed by Daniel F. Graves

The long-anticipated fourth volume of The Anglican Episcopate in Canada is finally available. This fourth volume, written and compiled by the eleventh primate of the Anglican Church of Canada, Archbishop Michael G. Peers, covers the period from 1976-2008. The volume contains a numerical listing of Canadian bishops in order of succession to the Canadian episcopate and each listing contains several headings including Personal Information, Education, Service, and Ordinations, Elections and Appointments. Also included, are photographs of each bishop. In addition to Archbishop Peers’ introductory essay, which he characterizes rather as his “observations” on the period in question, the volume also features several appendices, including a complete list of Primates, Metropolitans, and the Episcopal succession within each diocese. There are two useful indices as well as material supplementary to the second and third editions, which include corrections and additions.

It is certainly a joy to see this volume finally in print. It goes without saying that it will be an indispensable resource in the years to come. Professional and amateur Church historians, archivists and librarians, ecclesiastical bureaucrats (I was once one of their number) and members of the religious press will all be breathing a collective sigh of relieve that this disparate material is now readily accessible. In addition, we are grateful to Archbishop Peers for the extra labour required in correcting material from the previous volumes. Users of those volumes will find their frustrations suitably assuaged.

As indispensable as the material itself are the observations offered on this period by Peers himself, who exercised episcopal (and later primatial) ministry during most of this period. It is one thing for a historian to offer an historical essay of the period in question, it is quite another for the reader to be privileged with the observations of someone who indeed lived the ministry and now reflects on its significance. Archbishop Peers’ observations cover a variety of topics, including changes in the episcopal ministry, such as how episcopal elections are held, the role of bishops in traditional episcopal rites such as confirmation, and the increasing litigiousness of the age and the role bishops are called to play in lawsuits associated with the church. He also discusses developments such as the full inclusion of women in episcopal orders, the ongoing discussions on church governance and its relationship to episcopal ministry, and the impact of full communion with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada. Especially helpful are his definitions of various terms as they are currently employed in the life of the Church, such as Primate, Metropolitan, Suffragan, Assistant Bishop, Co-adjutor, and Bishop Ordinary, I can say that in my previous life as manager of the Anglican Book Centre I spent considerable time defining these and many other ecclesiastical terms for seekers and life-long Anglicans alike. Church librarians will be delighted to have such terms so carefully and succinctly defined.

Archbishop Peers has also reflected on the challenges of compiling such a resource and the developments in the church that have required changes in how the information is presented. Amongst these is the declining use of the traditional episcopal signature. In the first volume, each entry concluded with a note on how each bishop signed his name (initial of Christian name followed by diocese), fewer bishops use this convention today or vary it considerably. Peers explains the various conventions and has included them in individual entries in cases where the bishop has a consistent signature. He also reflects on the declining use of conventional forms of address, such as “my lord,” or “your grace.”

Those who have a personal experience of the eleventh primate, or at least have read his collection of Anglican Journal columns, Grace Notes, will know of his love of numbers and keeping statistics. Thus, such a project is well suited for such a man not only because he knows whereof he speaks through personal experience, but he has a passion for getting the details right. Indeed, in as he begins his observations he notes, “of the 296 bishops whose biographies appear in the four volumes, I have known personally 187 and have worked with 142” (p. 9). This is precisely the sort of delightful statistical anecdote for which Archbishop Peers is well known. It surely speaks not only to his attention to detail, but his passion for precision. Undoubtedly, some errors will have crept in, but they will be few.

One criticism has emerged in the blogosphere about the book with respect to the three Canadian bishops who have relinquished the exercise of their episcopal ministry in the Canadian Church under General Synod Canon XIX. The criticism is that Peers should have included their current ministry as bishops (in Canada) under the jurisdiction of the Primate of the Southern Cone. Other bishops who have been translated to a diocese outside of the Canadian church have been included but these have not. And rightly so, those who have been translated have been translated canonically, whereas the three in question relinquished the exercise of ministry under canonical process and are now part of what Peers himself calls, “the intervention of another province of the Anglican Communion into Canada with the clear intention of promoting a schismatic church within our territory (and outside its constitutionally and legally established territory)” (p. 12).

The book, itself, is a handsome paperback edition designed by the talented Jane Thornton of ABC Publishing. If I have any criticism it is only that it would have been nice to see a hardcover edition available. In a similar vein, I do miss the full-sized facing plates featuring episcopal portraits on glossy paper. While the smaller photos are generally fine, I suppose the Victorian in me continues to appreciate the concept of an “official portrait” in all its splendour. Alas, the constraints placed on our Church publishing programme surely prohibited such Victorians extravagancies. I will lament in silence on this point. Nonetheless, it remains a lovely presentation.

Archbishop Peers (and those who assisted him in the collection and sorting of the data) are to be commended for the care and precision given to this fourth volume dedicated to Canadian episcopal ministry. And the Anglican Book Centre is to be thanked for taking on this important project in times of fiscal restraint. This book will be a treasured and crucial resource in the years to come.